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A new study has revealed that a simple blood test measuring Placental growth factor (PlGF) levels can help predict the risk of preterm birth. This breakthrough could lead to better monitoring and improved pregnancy care, ensuring safer outcomes for both mothers and babies.

How PlGF Levels Indicate Preterm Birth Risk

Researchers from Mount Sinai Hospital and the University of Toronto found that low levels of PlGF—a protein essential for placental development—are linked to a higher likelihood of preterm birth. Preterm birth occurs when a baby is born before 34 weeks of pregnancy, increasing health risks for both the infant and the mother.

PlGF plays a crucial role in relaxing maternal blood vessels, regulating blood pressure, and supporting the baby’s growth. When PlGF levels are low, the mother may be at risk for serious complications, such as preeclampsia, a dangerous type of pregnancy-related hypertension that often requires early delivery.

The Study’s Findings

The study, published in JAMA Network Open, analyzed data from over 9,000 pregnant women between 2020 and 2023. It showed that if a woman’s PlGF level falls below 100 picograms per milliliter between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, her chances of giving birth before 34 weeks increase nearly 50 times. Fortunately, only about 1.5% of pregnant women have such low levels, making the test highly specific with minimal false positives.

Interestingly, other factors like weight and previous pregnancy outcomes did not impact this association, meaning PlGF levels alone are a strong predictor of preterm birth risk.

Implications for Pregnancy Care

With this new screening tool, doctors can identify high-risk pregnancies early and take steps to improve outcomes. For instance, women with low PlGF levels could monitor their blood pressure closely and take antihypertensive medications if necessary. Additionally, instead of planning delivery at a smaller or remote hospital, they could choose a tertiary medical center equipped to handle complications.
Rachel Gladstone from Sinai Health emphasized that early detection allows for proactive care, which can significantly improve the safety and health of both mother and baby.

A Step Toward Better Maternal Health

Since PlGF levels naturally rise as pregnancy progresses—peaking around the 28th week—this test offers a timely way to detect potential risks. If implemented as a standard screening method, it could revolutionize prenatal care by allowing for early intervention.
By making this test widely available, healthcare providers can enhance pregnancy care, reduce emergency deliveries, and ultimately improve maternal and infant health worldwide.

This study highlights the power of early detection and how a simple test can make a significant difference in ensuring safer pregnancies. As research progresses, integrating PlGF screening into routine prenatal care could become a crucial step in preventing preterm births.

Source: Inputs from various media Sources

I’m a pharmacist with a strong background in health sciences. I hold a BSc from Delhi University and a pharmacy degree from PDM University. I write articles and daily health news while interviewing doctors to bring you the latest insights. In my free time, you’ll find me at the gym or lost in a sci-fi novel.