Dying Of Hypothermia: Causes, Symptoms And Prevention
Introduction
Hypothermia occurs when body temperature drops below 35°C, preventing the body from maintaining essential daily functions. It is a serious condition that, without timely intervention, can lead to death.
How Does Hypothermia Develop?
The human body tries to maintain a stable temperature through mechanisms such as sweating and shivering. However, prolonged exposure to cold, combined with factors such as wind and humidity, can overwhelm these mechanisms, causing heat loss to exceed heat production.
Main Causes Of Hypothermia
- Prolonged exposure to low temperatures, for example in the event of accidents in the mountains.
- Falling into cold water, where the body loses 25 times more heat than air.
- Health conditions, such as advanced age, alcohol or drug use, or disorders such as hypothyroidism.
Tip: Wear appropriate, layered, waterproof clothing, especially in cold or humid environments.
Symptoms Of Hypothermia
Symptoms of hypothermia can progress rapidly and are divided into stages
Initial Phase (Body Temperature 35-32°c)
- Intense shivers.
- Pale and cold skin.
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating.
- Tingling or numbness in the limbs.
Intermediate Phase (Body Temperature 32-28°c)
- Reduction of shivering (the body can no longer produce heat).
- Extreme drowsiness.
- Slow and uncoordinated movements.
- Slow heartbeat and shallow breathing.
Advanced Stage (Body Temperature Below 28°c)
- Loss of consciousness.
- Severe cardiac arrhythmias.
- Cardiac arrest.
Advice: Monitor your symptoms closely and seek medical help immediately if you suspect hypothermia.
Why Do People Die Of Hypothermia?
Death from hypothermia is the result of progressive failure of vital organs, caused by:
- Nervous System Shutdown: The brain loses the ability to regulate temperature and maintain control over bodily functions.
- Cardiac Arrest: The heart progressively slows until it stops.
- Hypoperfusion: Oxygen and nutrients cannot reach the tissues.
Tip: Avoid drinking alcohol in cold environments; alcohol dilates blood vessels, accelerating heat loss.
Prevention Of Hypothermia
Preventing hypothermia is essential, especially for those who live or work in cold environments.
Preventive strategies:
- Dress Appropriately: Wear multiple layers, preferably thermal and waterproof fabrics.
- Protect Extremities: Use gloves, insulated footwear and head coverings, as heat is lost most easily from the hands, feet and head.
- Stay Dry: Humidity increases the loss of body heat.
- Monitor The Weather Forecast: Avoid going out in extreme conditions without proper preparation.
Summary Table Of Phases And Symptoms
Phase | Body Temperature | Main Symptoms |
Initial | 35-32°C | Chills, confusion, pale skin. |
Intermediate | 32-28°C | Drowsiness, slow movements, shallow breathing. |
Advanced | <28°C | Unconsciousness, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest. |
Frequently Asked Questions About Hypothermia
- Who is most at risk of hypothermia?
Children, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses, and those exposed to extreme temperatures.
- What to do if hypothermia is suspected?
Gradually warm the person, protecting them from wind and humidity, and call for help.
- When does hypothermia become lethal?
When the body temperature drops below 28°C, leading to cardiac arrest.
- Where can hypothermia occur?
Anywhere there are low temperatures, even indoors, especially for the elderly during the winter.
- Why does alcohol make hypothermia worse?
It dilates blood vessels, which helps the body lose heat.
- How to prevent hypothermia in the mountains?
Plan carefully, bring warm clothes and emergency kits, and avoid going out alone.
Hypothermia is a medical emergency that requires prompt intervention. Awareness of the symptoms and preventive techniques can save lives.
