Protect Your Skin: How to Prevent and Detect Melanoma Early
Introduction
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, whose incidence has been constantly increasing in recent decades. This type of tumor arises from melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Excessive exposure to UV rays is the main risk factor for the development of skin melanoma, especially in subjects with a light phototype or a family history of this pathology.
Moreover, studies show that intermittent, intense sun exposure, such as sunbathing during vacations, poses a greater risk than continuous moderate exposure. Indoor tanning devices also significantly increase the risk of developing melanoma, particularly among young individuals.
Prevention Begins With Proper Sun Protection
Prevention begins with proper sun protection, which is essential for reducing the risk of developing precancerous lesions. Using sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding exposure during the middle of the day are essential behaviors to prevent sun damage to the skin.
It is also recommended to reapply sunscreen every two hours and after swimming or sweating, as improper use is one of the leading causes of reduced sun protection efficacy. Choosing broad-brimmed hats, UV-protective sunglasses, and seeking shade whenever possible are additional measures that offer crucial protection against harmful rays.
Recognizing The Warning Signs Of Melanoma
Identifying melanoma early is essential to improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery. The ABCDE rule is an effective tool for recognizing suspicious moles:
Symmetry: irregular shape
Edges: jagged or undefined margins
Colour: pigmentation variations
Size: diameter greater than 6mm
Evolution: changes over time
Regular skin exams combined with mole mapping are considered the gold standard for early detection. Through dermatoscopy, the doctor can accurately evaluate the characteristics of pigmented lesions, identifying suspicious ones that require further investigation.
Individuals with numerous atypical moles, a personal or family history, or who have suffered from severe sunburn during childhood are at higher risk and require more frequent checks.
Diagnosis And Treatment
When a suspicious mole is identified, the standard procedure involves surgical removal and histological examination. Determining the stage of melanoma is crucial for selecting the most effective treatment approach. In the early stages, surgery is often the only treatment needed, while in advanced stages, systemic therapies such as immunotherapy or targeted therapies may be indicated.
Sunspots and other benign skin lesions should be monitored regularly, as they are indicators of excessive sun exposure and potential precursors to malignant lesions. Early diagnosis can make the difference between minimally invasive intervention and more complex therapies.
The Importance Of Prevention
Prevention is based on three fundamental pillars: sun protection, self-examination of the skin and periodic specialist check-ups. Self-examination of the skin should be performed monthly, paying particular attention to new moles or changes in existing ones.
Photoprotection remains the most effective preventive strategy against melanoma. The constant use of broad-spectrum sunscreens, even on cloudy days, contributes significantly to reducing the risk. Particular attention must be paid to the protection of children, whose skin defense system is still developing.
Conclusion
It is important to contact a dermatologist who will offer personalised prevention and early detection programmes for melanoma, by using cutting edge technology to ensure maximum diagnostic accuracy.
