People Forum

Explore our People Forum page – a hub for engaging discussions, knowing experiences and opinions of individuals from the diverse healthcare community.

From Henna to Highlights: Exploring the World of Hair Dyes

Reading Time: 5 minutes From Henna to Highlights: Exploring the World of Hair Dye Overview of Hair dyes Hair dyes are chemical products containing pigments that change the hair’s colour. They are becoming increasingly popular among people of all genders, with various types and brands widely available. There are three main types of hair dyes: Temporary Hair Dyes: These come in the form of gels, sprays, or rinses and provide a temporary colour change. They can be easily washed out with regular shampoo. Semi-Permanent Hair Dyes: These are typically liquid or aerosol products that offer longer-lasting colour. They can’t be rinsed off with water but do fade gradually over time. Permanent Hair Dyes: These dyes are designed to last until new hair growth appears. They don’t wash out easily and often require the hair to grow out to change colour. How do hair dyes work?  Each hair shaft consists of three main layers: Cuticle: The outermost layer, composed of colourless cells, serves as a protective barrier for the hair shaft. Cortex: This layer contains pigments responsible for the hair’s natural colour. It gives hair its characteristic hue. Medulla: The innermost layer, the medulla, is a hollow core. It doesn’t always exist in every hair shaft and may be absent in some individuals. Hair dyes work by altering the colour of the hair shaft. In the case of permanent hair dyes, the colouring agents penetrate through the cuticle and reach the cortex, where they either remove the natural colour or add a new one. This process is what allows for a long-lasting change in hair colour. Traditionally, natural dyes were used for hair colouring. However, now with the increasing popularity of hair dyes and advancement in the field of cosmetology various types of dyes in a wide range of colours have been developed, providing people with more options for changing or enhancing their hair color. Image Source: Pixabay History of hair dyes: The earliest reference to hair colouring is linked to the Egyptians. Around 1500 BC, Rameses II used red henna to colour his hair. Also, Mummies discovered in Egypt also had their hair dyed with henna, establishing a connection between hair dyes and Egyptians. In 300 BC, during the Roman Empire, people employed a mixture of nuts and ashes from burnt flowers and plants to achieve yellow or blond hair colour. During the 4th century in Greece, individuals would rinse their hair with a potassium solution and apply a pomade made from flower petals to colour their hair. It’s reported that they obtained golden hair by rinsing their hair with a particular lotion and sitting in the sunlight. In the Dark Ages in Scotland, red hair was initially observed as a result of genetic mutation, eventually becoming more acceptable. The 1694 Ladies’ Dictionary depicts various ways to dye hair. The mixture of wine and elderberries for shades of black, radish extracts to turn hair into an auburn shade, and a combination of saffron, and turmeric, for blond hair were used.  In the year 1800, William Henry Perkin accidentally discovered hair dye while researching a cure for malaria. He named the colour he discovered “Mauveine,” and the molecule derived from mauveine, called para-phenylenediamine, still serves as the basis for the majority of hair dyes used today. In 1907, Eugene Schueller created the first hair dye, which he named “Aureole.” Since then, hair colouring has become widespread. Health effects of hair dyes: There are a few potential health effects associated with the use of hair dyes. However, it’s important to note that while the risks have been documented, not everyone who uses hair dyes will encounter these health issues, and the severity of the effects can vary. Individual reactions may vary, and some individuals are more sensitive or susceptible than others. Allergies: Allergies to hair dyes have become more common than ever. Usually, aromatic amines present in the hair dyes are responsible for the allergies. Allergy may present itself as mere dermatitis on the head and the neck and becomes more pronounced with time. Signs of hair dye overuse: Damages, frizzy and dry hair, rashes on the skin Hair loss, irritated scalp, loss of strength and thickness of hair Dermatitis of the scalp, face and eyes Repeated exposure may even result in respiratory issues like asthma. Ammonia toxicity Cancer: Aromatic amines in hair dyes have been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. This risk is particularly notable among hairdressers and individuals who frequently use permanent hair dyes. Research indicates that permanent hair dyes pose a greater risk compared to other hair products. A study conducted in New England revealed that women who used permanent hair dyes more than 12 to 15 times a year had an elevated risk of bladder cancer. Additionally, hair dyes are said to contain chemicals that can influence hormone activity, potentially increasing the risk of breast cancer and contributing to endocrine disruption compounds. Conclusion The chemicals found in hair dyes have the potential to inflict irreversible damage to both the skin and hair, and they may also lead to various adverse effects, including allergies. It is imperative to be aware of the potential health risks associated with these products. Opting for natural hair dyes or exploring home remedies such as coffee or beetroot for hair coloring is a prudent choice. When using chemical hair dyes, precautions should be taken, including conducting patch tests before applying any product to mitigate the potential outcomes that could arise in the event of allergies. References Ros MM, Gago-Dominguez M, Aben KK, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Kampman E, Vermeulen SH, Kiemeney LA. Personal hair dye use and the risk of bladder cancer: a case–control study from The Netherlands. Cancer Causes & Control. 2012 Jul;23:1139-48. He L, Michailidou F, Gahlon HL, Zeng W. Hair dye ingredients and potential health risks from exposure to hair dyeing. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 2022 Jun 6;35(6):901-15. Patel D, Narayana S, Krishnaswamy B. Trends in use of hair dye: a cross-sectional study. International journal of trichology. 2013 Jul;5(3):140. Corbett JF. A historical review

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Editorial, People Forum

Vitamin A in a Clinical Perspective: Roles, Sources, Toxicity, and Significance

Reading Time: 5 minutes Vitamin A in a Clinical Perspective: Roles, Sources, Toxicity, and Significance Vitamin A, a fat-soluble nutrient encompassing retinol and retinoic acid, is a pivotal element in human physiology. Its multifaceted roles encompassing vision, immunity, reproduction, growth, and development make it an essential component of a balanced diet. In this clinical exposition, we delve deep into the various facets of vitamin A, including its physiological functions, dietary sources, implications of deficiency and toxicity, and its overarching significance in promoting nutrition and health. Physiological Roles: Vision Health: Vitamin A’s association with visual health is perhaps its most renowned role. Within the eye, it participates in the synthesis of visual pigments, particularly rhodopsin, which is crucial for low-light vision. Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive protein found in the rod cells of the retina, and it allows us to see in dim light conditions. A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to night blindness, where individuals struggle to see in low-light environments. If left untreated, this deficiency can progress to more severe vision impairment, including irreversible damage to the cornea. Immunity: Beyond its contributions to vision, vitamin A plays a pivotal role in bolstering the immune system. It influences the activity of white blood cells, such as lymphocytes and phagocytes, which are essential components of the body’s defence mechanisms. Vitamin A also enhances antibody responses, aiding the body in recognizing and fighting off infections more effectively. Furthermore, it supports mucosal barrier integrity, strengthening the body’s first line of defence against pathogens. Collectively, these functions make vitamin A an indispensable nutrient for immune health, helping the body fend off a wide range of infections. Reproduction and Development: Vitamin A’s importance is not limited to its role in vision and immunity; it is also indispensable for embryonic development. During gestation, it regulates gene expression, facilitating proper growth and differentiation of tissues and organs in the developing fetus. Adequate vitamin A intake during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the healthy development of the fetus. It plays a vital role in the formation of structures such as the heart, lungs, eyes, and nervous system, emphasizing its significance in early human development. Organ Functionality: The influence of vitamin A extends to the proper functioning of vital organs, including the lungs and heart. It is integral to the maintenance of epithelial tissues, which line the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. These epithelial tissues act as protective barriers and play a crucial role in the exchange of gases in the lungs and the pumping of blood by the heart. Vitamin A supports the health and integrity of these tissues, ensuring they function optimally. Thus, vitamin A contributes not only to visual health, immunity, and development but also to overall organ functionality, promoting overall well-being and health. Sources of Vitamin A: Vitamin A is available in two primary forms: Preformed Vitamin A: Preformed vitamin A is predominantly found in animal-derived foods, such as liver, kidney, and other organ meats, as well as dairy products. Cod liver oil, in particular, is an exceptionally rich source of preformed vitamin A. Provitamin A Carotenoids: Provitamin A carotenoids are abundant in fruits and vegetables, lending vibrant colours to these foods. The most well-known provitamin A carotenoid is beta-carotene, found in carrots, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens. These compounds can be converted into active vitamin A (retinol) within the human body, offering an important dietary source for those with plant-based diets. Toxicity and Deficiency: To assess an individual’s vitamin A status, serum concentrations serve as crucial indicators. Both deficiency and toxicity are pertinent concerns related to vitamin A. Vitamin A Deficiency: Instances of vitamin A deficiency are relatively rare in well-balanced diets but may occur in scenarios involving restricted diets, malabsorption conditions (e.g., Crohn’s disease), or certain diseases affecting nutrient absorption. Common symptoms of deficiency encompass dry skin and hair, night blindness, fatigue, and heightened susceptibility to infections. Vitamin A Toxicity: Excessive consumption of vitamin A supplements, particularly in the form of retinol, may lead to toxicity, which can be life-threatening. High vitamin A stores in fat tissues may result in toxicity symptoms, including dry skin, vision issues, nausea, bone loss, and sensitivity to light. It is imperative that individuals avoid excessive vitamin A supplementation without proper medical guidance. Claims regarding vitamin A in cosmetic products should also be approached with caution, as excessive topical application may contribute to vitamin A toxicity. Significance of Vitamin A in Nutrition: Vitamin A, in its provitamin A and preformed forms, plays an indispensable role in the body’s overall well-being. Disease Prevention: Studies suggest that adequate vitamin A intake may reduce the risk of certain cancers, including bladder cancer. The research community is also exploring the potential of retinoids in cancer treatment due to their role in regulating cell growth. Organ Functionality: Vitamin A influences various aspects of organ functionality, including pancreatic control, wound healing, gastrointestinal health, and bone remodelling. Its impact on these systems underscores its significance in maintaining overall health and vitality. Immune Responses: By modulating the activity of white blood cells and supporting mucosal immunity, vitamin A plays a vital role in enhancing immune responses, helping the body combat infections more effectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, the significance of vitamin A in health and nutrition cannot be overstated. Maintaining balanced diets rich in diverse fruits, vegetables, and nutrient sources is paramount for sustaining adequate vitamin A levels. Regular assessments of vitamin A status and consultation with healthcare professionals are recommended to ensure optimal well-being. By understanding the multifaceted roles of vitamin A and its sources, individuals can make informed dietary choices that promote both their vision and overall health. Author: Ms Sanika Pande Must Read: Nutrition & People forum

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Nutrition And Diet, People Forum

How Can Indian Athletes Win More Medals At The International Level?​

Reading Time: 5 minutes How Can Indian Athletes Win More Medals At The International Level? The Cricket World Cup 2023 is just a few days away. India will be hosting the prestigious tournament on October 5. Fans all over India are cheering for their cricketing heroes. However, somewhere down the line, other sports would be sidelined till the ‘cricket fever’ subsides. As they say, “Cricket is a religion in India.” Unfortunately, other sports like Football have been unsuccessful in penetrating the minds of the general Indian populace. India has a rich history in Football with decorated clubs and the team even playing Football in the Olympics. However, the Indian Football team still finds itself in a disappointing 106th place in the FIFA rankings. Europe on the other hand had 13 teams representing their continent at the FIFA World Cup 2020. The scenario remains the same when it comes to other sports as well. Indian athletes made the nation extremely proud by winning 61 medals and finishing fourth at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. However, Indian athletes haven’t been able to translate that success at the world level. Things are changing with India having their best Olympics ever with 7 medals at the recent Olympics. Olympic Javelin Throw gold medallist Neeraj Chopra recently won the 2023 World Athletics Championship. However, on the whole, Indian athletes still haven’t been able to consistently win medals at prestigious events. To put things in perspective, India’s total Olympic medal tally ever stands at 35 medals. A European nation comfortably wins way more than 35 medals in a single Olympic tournament. Indian athletes, except Cricket, continue to face many social, financial, and infrastructural issues at all levels. The raw talent needs to be more utilized and impedes India from achieving even greater heights. The following are some factors to improve at grassroots levels to make sure that Indian athletes can consistently win medals at the international level. Lack of Sports Culture Sports have never been given importance in the life of an Indian kid. Indian parents are ingrained to direct their kids toward the typical route of academics. Sports take a backseat due to the burden of schools, tuition, and self-studies. Children are often restricted from pursuing sports as a punishment. Sports are often unfairly labelled as distractions, which detrimentally impacts a child’s developmental years. Such labelling prevents children from discovering their talents and acquiring essential life skills such as teamwork, discipline, and focus. Consequently, this trend has contributed to physical health issues among children, including obesity and excessive screen time. Lack Of Sports At College/University Level The same story continues when a child goes to college and university. At this point, a child has some freedom to pursue a sport for recreational purposes. However, a sport is never considered to be a career pathway in India. A student-athlete gets little to no support. European countries and America, on the other hand, have robust sports and training. A college student is directly thrown into a program of the sport of their choice. The program is structured in a way that wouldn’t impact studies. A student learns a lot about themselves even if they don’t want to pursue the sport as a career. They also have sports-related scholarships. Lack of Infrastructure A student and even an athlete fail to get the basic amenities required to excel in a particular type of equipment and kits are expensive for an athlete to afford and impede their sporting prowess. There are other infrastructural deficiencies like lack of courts, lack of tracks, lack of grounds, etc. Even a national-level athlete has to battle a lot of infrastructural issues to even practice, let alone excel at a sport and win. This is not the case in European countries. They invest a formidable chunk of their GDP in sports. Athletes get high-quality equipment and facilities. They also get world-class doctors, physiotherapists, and strength and conditioning coaches which help their progress. Too Much Impetus on Cricket Cricket has also been considered as a sole of extreme importance. Sports other than cricket have always been neglected. The Indian Cricketing Board (BCCI) finances around 60-70% of the total cricket expenditure of the entire world. However, India fails to finance other sports. Other sports in India fail to even get sponsors and broadcasters, which affects the growth of a sport in India that is already struggling. Athletes of other sports are not paid as well and have to resort to either leaving the sport or pursuing an alternate job. Gender Discrimination Indian girls and females have always been marginalized in every aspect, especially in sports. Indian girls are prohibited from playing any sport from a very young age. This shatters their dreams. Recently, it has been the female athletes who have made India proud. Athletes like Mary Kom, PV Sindhu, Saina Nehwal, Jhulan Goswami, Mitali Raj, and many more, continue to be a source of inspiration for many girls around the country. Some other issues include low socio-economic status, improper diet, and nutrition, genetics, politics, favouritism, etc., to name a few. However, it is high time for India to address these. A lot of talent is suppressed at a young age, hurting our passionate country’s rich sporting culture. As the old saying in our country goes, ‘Take politics out of sports, and there will be medalists on every street of India’. Conclusion In conclusion, India’s potential to excel in a wide range of sports at the international level remains largely untapped due to various systemic challenges. To unlock this potential, a shift in cultural attitudes towards sports, particularly at the grassroots level, is imperative. Encouraging sports as a viable career option, improving access to quality infrastructure, reducing the overwhelming emphasis on cricket, addressing gender discrimination, and investing in athlete development and support are all critical steps. The recent successes in cricket and the Olympics show that India possesses exceptional talent, and with concerted efforts to remove these barriers, there is a bright future ahead where Indian athletes can consistently shine on the global stage, bringing glory

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Editorial, People Forum

Rishikesh: The Yoga Capital of the World and Its Timeless Connection to Inner Wellness

Reading Time: 9 minutes Rishikesh: The Yoga Capital of the World and Its Timeless Connection to Inner Wellness What would you say if I told you that I know a sure-shot healing method to alleviate the effects of that occasional nagging stress headache, that resident constipation, those tired eyes, the slowly emerging pot-belly etc. etc. Yes, you got it right! There is one superpower that can be used by all of us for a healthy body and mind and it is called Yoga!! You can call it the next best medicine, after laughter (as laughter is the best medicine). Yoga has now become a lifestyle, which is helping thousands of people all across the globe, to build a good body and mind and improve the quality of life.   We can trace the origins of Yoga to Rishikesh, aka Hrishikesh, which is known as the Yoga Capital of the World. It is nestled in the Shivalik Himalayan range in the district of Dehradun, in the state of Uttarakhand in India. It is a famous place having religious significance and a spiritual realm for visitors. The landscape, the ambience, the fresh air, the pleasant weather, the positive vibes, and the river banks, all, make it the ideal place to be rightly called the Yoga Capital. The word Rishikesh evolves from Sanskrit, where “Hrishika” denotes the senses and “Isha” denotes God i.e. Lord of the Senses.   There are numerous Ashrams, Schools and centres of Philosophical studies, Yoga and ancient Indian Wellness traditions situated here. As you all must know, the Beatles were a very, very famous British Rock band in the early Sixties. They were invited by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, a Yoga guru (teacher) who founded the technique of Transcendental Meditation. The Beatles practiced meditation and Yoga here and being away from the limelight, they were able to relax. This calm state of mind enhanced their creativity and they wrote more than 50 songs during their stay here. These songs went on to become very popular i.e. ‘Blackbird’, ‘Dear Prudence’, ‘Everybody’s got something to hide except me’, Sexy Sadie, to name a few, which were part of their albums The White Album and Abbey Road. Little did we know that these songs were ‘made in India”, that too in the 60s!! This marked the beginning of the popularization of Yoga across the World, as people were gradually learning about the concept of inner peace and harmony towards a meaningful life.   Whereas the humble beginnings of Yoga in Rishikesh can be traced back to centuries. The ancient texts like the Vedas and Puranas have mention of Yoga in them. Historians say that Lord Rama did penance for killing Ravana in the caves and forests of Rishikesh. It is also said that Lord Shiva practised Yoga as he was always seated in Padmasana (Lotus pose) and his dance form of Nataraja is an amalgamation of Yogic postures. Historians also state that Lord Vishnu appeared to a sage Raibhya Rishi here and that Rishikesh is another name for Lord Vishnu. The Sage Maharishi Patanjali is known as the Father of Yoga, and his treatise Yoga Sutra dates back to 2000 (two thousand years)! His writings are relevant to this day as they are a simple compilation of diverse and complex historical texts. Yoga is a Sanskrit word which means “to yoke, to unite”. In simple terms, this means the union of the mind, body and senses, where they all become one, for self-enlightenment.   Yoga Sutra states that there are eight limbs of Yoga: 1) Yama – Meaning abstinence from unethical practices: We need to awaken virtues like Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (Truthfulness), Asteya (Non-stealing), Brahmacharya (Chastity) and Aparigraha (Non-Avarice). We need to stop being violent by word or deeds, always speak the truth, be content with what we have and not think of stealing from others in any situation, utilise our energy in better things instead of indulging in mindless sexual encounters and stop being greedy of wealth, position, power and possessions.   2) Niyama – Meaning Observances of positive practices: We need to follow positive practices like Saucha (Purity of mind, speech and body), Santosha (Contentment), Tapas (Self-discipline), Svadhyaya (Study of Vedas, self, and self-introspection), Isvarapranidhana (surrendering to a higher power/God). We need to cleanse our minds of bad thoughts, cleanse our speech from using foul language, clean our bodies to maintain good hygiene/health, be content with what we possess, control our desires, read-study and learn from the scriptures Vedas, learn about ourselves, learn about our inner sense and give up to the powerful presence of God.   The Yama and Niyama control our weaknesses and cultivate a sense of good character. 3) Asana – Meaning Posture: We need to practice various Yogic postures till we are comfortable and relaxed, motionless and can hold the posture/s for a short duration.   4) Pranayama – Meaning breath control: We need to control our breath by regulating and focusing on our breathing in and out, deep breaths, that bring about a sense of calmness.   5) Pratyahara – Meaning withdrawal of senses:  We need to disregard our physical senses look within and become more aware of our inner self. Instead of concentrating on the sounds around you, focus and listen to your breathing, which will bring you a deep sense of relaxation and increased awareness. Not easily done, but not impossible, either!   These three limbs cultivate control over the mind, body and senses. 6) Dharana – Meaning concentration: We need to focus on a particular object/concept/place or idea and concentrate on it. This can be done by focusing on an object/a Mantra (chant)/our breathing/our navel/the tip of our tongue. The magic here is to concentrate as this will help quieten your mind and ward off any other thoughts. This helps in stress management and improves physical and mental wellness.   7) Dhyana – Meaning Meditation: We need to focus our attention on our breath for some time. This will train our minds to concentrate on what is imperative/required and

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People Forum

Everything You Need to Know about L-arginine

Reading Time: 7 minutes Everything You Need to Know about L-arginine L-arginine, a building block of protein, is an amino acid. While the body can usually produce adequate amounts of L-arginine on its own, it is categorised as a semi-essential amino acid, holding significant importance in diverse biological processes within the body. This means that during specific circumstances such as growth, illness, or stress, the body’s need for L-arginine might exceed its natural synthesis capacity. As a result, acquiring L-arginine from dietary sources or through supplements becomes essential. L-arginine is found in various protein-rich foods, such as meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, nuts, and seeds. It is also available as a dietary supplement and is sometimes used for its potential health benefits. While L-arginine can have beneficial effects, it’s important to understand its usage, potential benefits, and risks. History of L-Arginine:  Discovery of Arginine Arginine was first isolated in 1886 from lupine seedlings by Swiss chemist Ernst Schulze. It was initially identified as a basic amino acid, and its structure was later determined in the early 20th century. Later, In the 1930s, scientists discovered that arginine is a key component of the urea cycle, a metabolic pathway that helps the body eliminate toxic ammonia. This finding highlighted the amino acid’s importance in nitrogen metabolism. As research in biochemistry advanced, scientists learned more about the role of arginine in protein synthesis. It’s one of the 20 standard amino acids that make up proteins, and it contributes to the structure and function of various proteins in the body. In the 20th century, it garnered significant attention due to its cardiovascular advantages.  In 1989, scientists discovered that arginine is a precursor to nitric oxide (NO), a molecule that relaxes blood vessels, improves blood flow, and has a range of cardiovascular effects. This led to research on using arginine supplements to support heart health. Arginine supplements became commercially available as a dietary supplement in the late 20th century. They were marketed for various purposes, including improving exercise performance, enhancing sexual function, and supporting cardiovascular health. Today, L-arginine is used in both dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals. It’s still being studied for its potential health benefits, including its role in wound healing, immune system function, and cognitive health. While L-arginine has shown promise in various areas of health and wellness, it’s important to note that individual responses to supplementation can vary, and it should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, especially when addressing specific health concerns. Functions of L-Arginine in the body L-arginine plays several crucial roles in the body, including: Nitric Oxide Production: One of the most well-known functions of L-arginine is its role as a precursor to nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is a vasodilator, meaning it relaxes blood vessels, leading to improved blood flow. This property is essential for cardiovascular health as it helps regulate blood pressure and ensures that tissues and organs receive an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Wound Healing: L-arginine is involved in the early stages of wound healing. It helps support tissue repair and the formation of collagen, a structural protein that plays a vital role in wound closure and scar formation. Immune Function: L-arginine plays a part in the immune response. It helps activate immune cells, allowing the body to defend itself against infections and pathogens effectively. Hormone Release: L-arginine is required for the secretion of various hormones, including insulin and growth hormone. These hormones are essential for regulating blood sugar levels, growth, and development. Detoxification: L-arginine is involved in the removal of ammonia from the body, a waste product that can be toxic if allowed to accumulate. This detoxification process is crucial for overall health. Cell Division: L-arginine is necessary for cell division, a fundamental process that allows the body to grow, repair damaged tissues, and maintain organ function. Urea Cycle: L-arginine is a key component of the urea cycle, a metabolic pathway that converts ammonia into urea, which is then excreted by the body. This cycle helps maintain nitrogen balance and prevents the buildup of toxic ammonia. It’s worth noting that while L-arginine offers numerous health benefits, excessive intake or supplementation should be approached with caution, as very high doses can lead to side effects and interactions with certain medications.  L-Arginine Benefits and Uses L-arginine has been studied for its potential role in the treatment of various conditions, and it may offer some benefits in certain cases. Chest Pain or Pressure (Angina) L-arginine has been investigated for its potential to improve blood flow by increasing nitric oxide production, which can help relax blood vessels. This effect might be beneficial for individuals with angina, a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. A few studies have explored but the results have been mixed. Erectile Dysfunction L-arginine is often marketed as a natural remedy for erectile dysfunction (ED) because of its role in improving blood flow. Nitric oxide, derived from L-arginine, plays a crucial role in the relaxation of blood vessels in the penis, which is essential for achieving and maintaining an erection. Some men with mild to moderate ED have reported improvement with L-arginine supplementation, although its effectiveness can vary. Heart Failure L-arginine has been studied in the context of heart failure, a condition in which the heart struggles to pump blood effectively. The research has suggested that L-arginine might help improve exercise capacity and quality of life in individuals with heart failure. However, its use in heart failure treatment is still a subject of ongoing investigation. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)   The potential blood pressure-lowering effects of L-arginine are related to its role in enhancing nitric oxide production and promoting blood vessel relaxation. While some studies have shown a modest reduction in blood pressure with L-arginine supplementation, it’s not typically recommended as a first-line treatment for hypertension. Lifestyle modifications and conventional antihypertensive medications are often preferred. Regulation of Blood Sugar L-arginine’s potential role in blood sugar regulation is an interesting area of study, and some research suggests

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Nutrition And Diet, People Forum

Biotin: Understanding Its Importance for Health and Well-Being

Reading Time: 5 minutes Biotin: Understanding Its Importance for Health and Well-Being The vitamin biotin, commonly referred to as vitamin B7 or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin. The name “vitamin H” originates from the German words ‘Haar and Haut,’ which means hair and skin, highlighting its significance for these aspects of health. Biotin naturally occurs in various food items such as eggs, nuts and certain vegetables. It’s also commonly included in dietary supplements, often marketed for its potential benefits in promoting healthy hair and skin, as well as supporting overall well-being.   The role of Biotin in our body:  Biotin plays a vital role in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, etc. It helps convert these macronutrients into energy that the body can use. Also, biotin is responsible for maintaining cardiovascular health, and proper nerve functioning.  Biotin is often associated with promoting the health of hair, nails, and skin. It is a common ingredient in many beauty supplements.  Biotin is essential in the regulation of genes (as it modifies the activities of transcription factors), histone modifications, and cell signalling.  Biotin is considered to be important in breaking down macronutrients, it is involved in processes such as the synthesis of fatty acids, breakdown of amino acids, and glucogenesis.  Apart from this, biotin plays a key role in lactation, pregnancy, and regulation of blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Sources of Biotin: Biotin is present in a variety of plant and animal-based food items, some of which include:  Eggs: The egg yolk is particularly renowned for its high biotin content. However, it’s advisable to cook them as avidin in raw egg whites can interfere with biotin absorption. Spinach: Spinach is not only a good source of biotin but also offers a variety of other vitamins (such as Vitamin A, C, and Folic acid) and minerals (such as Iron, Calcium, and potassium).  Sweet potatoes: Rich in antioxidants, fibre, vitamins, and minerals, sweet potatoes are a nutritious source of biotin Avocados: These are high in biotin and provide vitamin E, which is beneficial for skin and hair health. Organ meats: The liver, particularly chicken liver, is a potent source of biotin. Just 3 ounces of cooked chicken liver can provide a significant amount of biotin. Nuts: Nuts, such as almonds, peanuts, and walnuts, contain biotin and can be included in your diet. Along with these some other food items such as mushrooms, legumes, salmon, yeast, and dairy products are rich in biotin.   What are the normal biotin levels? The normal ranges for biotin levels in the blood serum is approximately: Adults: 133-329 picomoles per litre (pmol/L) Children: 157-425 pmol/L On average in adults, the normal urine biotin concentration must be around 18-127 nmol/24hrs. Biotin Deficiency The biotin deficiency is relatively rare in healthy individuals because biotin is found in a variety of foods, and the body requires only a small amount of it. However, certain medical conditions or genetic factors can lead to biotin deficiency or impaired biotin metabolism. An unusual decrease in biotin excretion through urine signals a deficiency in biotin. Similarly, an elevated excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (above 3.3 mmol/mol creatinine) or 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (above 0.06 mmol/mol creatinine) is indicative of reduced MCC (3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase) activity, suggesting a biotin deficiency.   What are the signs and symptoms of Biotin deficiency? The Symptoms such as hair fall, conjunctivitis, brittle nails, and rashes, may indicate biotin deficiency. In severe cases of deficiency, In adults, symptoms may include seizures, skin infections, fragile nails, and neurological issues like depression, lethargy, hallucinations, and tingling sensations in the extremities. In infants, symptoms may manifest as hypotonia, lethargy, and developmental delays Serum concentrations of biotin and its metabolites can be increased by administration of oral doses.   Recommended Amounts There’s no Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for biotin because there isn’t sufficient evidence to determine a daily requirement for most healthy individuals. Adolescents and adults are often advised to take between 30 to 100 micrograms (mcg) of biotin daily. Supplements and gummies:  The significance of biotin was first noticed when rats with the absence of biotin in their diet showed disorders such as neuromuscular dysfunction, dermatitis, and alopecia.  In case suffering from a biotin deficiency, supplements can help level up the required concentrations of biotin in the body. A wide range of dietary supplements for biotin are available, including supplements that contain just biotin, and supplements containing various combinations of vitamins and B-complex. However, it is important to choose according to the individual’s deficiencies and requirements.  Biotin gummies are a popular dietary supplement option for individuals looking to increase their biotin intake. Biotin gummies are easy to take and often more enjoyable than swallowing pills or capsules.   Biotin for skin and hair health:  In a recent decade, biotin has become commercially popular for its claimed benefits on skin, nails, and hair health. Biotin is an important nutrient that helps with the production of keratin.  Hair Health: Studies reveal that low levels of biotin can cause hair loss.  Biotin supplements are often prescribed for the strengthening of hair. Cosmetic products also tend to contain biotin as an alternative supplement. Biotin is known to improve the elasticity of hair and reduces brittleness which prevents the strands from breakage. It has been reported that people using biotin-enriched hair products experienced thickness in hair, texture, and overall hair health.    Skin Health: Biotin is said to promote radiant complexion as it is significant in the production of fatty acids which are responsible for maintaining healthy skin cells. And speeds up the process of regeneration supporting the collagen protein which imparts elasticity to the skin. However, the complete role of biotin in maintaining healthy skin has not been elucidated by scientists. The influence of vitamins on the skin may be associated with the effect on the metabolism of fat. Despite the rising craze for biotin in the media, only a small amount of literature is found to support the biotin claims for skin and hair health.   Conclusion:  Biotin plays a vital role in

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