TAC Desk

Erectile Dysfunction: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Options and Approaches

Reading Time: 5 minutesUnderstanding Erectile Dysfunction: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Options and Approaches Erectile dysfunction (ED) refers to the incapability to achieve or sustain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. Did you know that as per research, 1 in 10 men will experience erectile dysfunction at some point in their lifetime? In the year 1995, more than 152 million men worldwide were estimated to have experienced ED. It’s predicted that by 2025, the global prevalence of ED will reach around 322 million. What is Erection? Erection is a physiological response represented by the enlargement and engorgement of the penis. This complex process involves the harmonious functioning of various systems such as endocrine, neurological, circulatory, and musculoskeletal processes. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, primarily regulates this response. The sensory signals from the genital area are transmitted to the brain after a man experiences sexual stimulation or sexual arousal. In response, the brain sends signals back to the genital area through the parasympathetic nervous system. These signals stimulate the release of nitric oxide, which relaxes the smooth muscles of the blood vessels in the penis. When these blood vessels relax and dilate, they allow an increased flow of blood into the spongy corpora cavernosa of the penis. This heightened blood flow causes the corpora cavernosa to become engorged, resulting in an enlarged and erect penis. Simultaneously, the veins responsible for draining blood from the penis are compressed, aiding in the maintenance of the erection. What is Erectile Dysfunction? Erectile Dysfunction (ED) can be referred to as a persistent incapability to attain or maintain an erection required for satisfactory sexual intercourse. ED is believed to be a prevalent medical condition that can impact the quality of an individual’s life. Did you know that research indicates ED is more widespread among older males, but it also affects a significant number of younger males? What are the Symptoms of Erectile Dysfunction? Symptoms of erectile dysfunction comprise: Difficulty in getting an erection Complete inability to get an erection Inability to maintain an erection Only occasionally being able to get an erection. Low self-esteem Distress and depression Additional sexual disorders linked to ED may encompass Premature ejaculation, Delayed ejaculation and Anorgasmia, which is the inability to attain orgasm even after sufficient stimulation What causes erectile dysfunction? Erectile dysfunction (ED) can result from various factors, and it often involves a combination of physiological, psychological, and relational components. The common ED causes include the following: Diabetes Age over 50 Radiation therapy or other injuries from treatments for prostate cancer or surgery Cardiovascular diseases Smoking Kidney diseases Obesity A sedentary lifestyle and lack of movement High cholesterol Drug and alcohol abuse Emotional issues such as depression, conflicts in relationships, stress Organic etiologies such as neurogenic, drug interactions, Peyronie’s disease (PD), and endourologic causes may be responsible. Men with diseases such as multiple sclerosis, trauma, or epilepsy are believed to be at greater risk of developing erectile dysfunction. Medications such as NSAIDs, antiepileptics, antidepressants, and neuroleptics can also cause erectile dysfunction. Possible etiologies of hormonal abnormalities such as acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and Klinefelter’s syndrome may result in ED. Alterations in the components of erectile response, whether relational, psychological, or organic, can be factors in erectile dysfunction. Available Treatment Options for Erectile Dysfunction: Oral Drugs: Mostly PDE type-5 inhibitors are used as they help increase penile blood flow. Oral drugs are advised to be taken 45- 60 minutes before sexual activity. The drugs provide normal functioning and erectile responses. However, PDE5 inhibitors should be avoided in the case of individuals with heart disease. Common drugs include: Tadalafil (Cialis) sildenafil citrate (Viagra) Avanafil (Stendra) vardenafil HCl (Levitra) Testosterone therapy: The combination of PDE5 inhibitors and testosterone therapy may help fix the rare cases of low sex drive and low testosterone levels resulting in relief from ED symptoms. Self-injection therapy: A dose of alprostadil is administered to the side of the penis, with the dosage adjusted based on the condition’s severity. On occasion, a combination of two other drugs alongside ICI (Intracavernosal Injection) alprostadil may be used. Intraurethral Therapy: A medicated drug pellet of Alprostadil is inserted in the urethra. Surgical treatment: A penile implant is inserted as the primary surgical treatment for ED. Patients who have failed oral pills, self-injections, or other therapies opt for surgical treatments. It’s important to note that the choice of treatment depends on the specific underlying causes of ED, the individual’s overall health, and their preferences. MED3000 (Eroxon) In June 2023, the FDA approved the first-ever over-the-counter gel for erectile dysfunction,  known as MED3000. This gel is applied directly to the penis just before intercourse and is available in single-use tubes. It contains various volatile compounds that stimulate penile nerve endings, leading to increased blood flow, a crucial factor for achieving an erection. Some reports suggest that the gel can lead to an erection within just 10 minutes, while commonly prescribed ED drugs like Viagra typically take around 30-40 minutes to take effect. MED3000 is now approved in multiple countries, including those in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. It is available in the UK and can be purchased online. Eroxon introduced it for online sales in the Benelux region and made it available in retail pharmacies throughout Belgium in March 2023, with plans for additional online and retail releases in the coming months. Conclusion: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition affecting approximately 30 million men. It can be attributed to underlying health issues or the natural aging process. Fortunately, numerous treatment options, therapies, and medications are available. However, it’s crucial to assess the severity of the condition and consult with a healthcare professional before selecting a treatment. Adopting a healthy lifestyle is also vital for managing ED effectively, which includes maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and limiting alcohol consumption. Making these positive changes can help alleviate ED symptoms in the long term. References Ludwig W, Phillips M. Organic causes of erectile dysfunction in men under 40. Urologia internationalis. 2014

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Health News and Updates

Top 10 Safe Sweet Foods

Reading Time: 6 minutesTop 10 Safe Sweet Foods Indulging in sweet treats is one of life’s simple pleasures. The taste of sweetness can bring joy and comfort to our lives, but it’s essential to approach this pleasure with caution and safety in mind. Not all sweet foods are created equal, and the abundance of sugary delights on the market can make it challenging to navigate the terrain of sweet snacks that are both delicious and safe for your health. In this article, we’ll delve into the world of sweet foods, exploring the top 10 safe options that will satisfy your cravings without compromising your well-being. From natural and nutritious to wholesome and homemade, we have selected a variety of sweet treats that are not only tasty but also health-conscious. Do not forget to have a look at the delicious Picture gallery in the end! 1. Fresh Fruit: Nature’s Candy In our search for sweet foods, sometimes we overlook the simplest and healthiest option of all: fresh fruit. Fruits like apples, berries, oranges, and pears offer the perfect balance of natural sweetness and essential nutrients. They are free from additives, preservatives, and artificial sweeteners, making them an ideal, safe option for satisfying your sweet tooth. In addition to their delicious taste, fresh fruits provide an abundance of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre. These nutrients contribute to overall health and can help curb your sugar cravings while keeping your diet on the right track. 2. Greek Yogurt with Honey: A Protein-Packed Pleasure Greek yoghurt sweetened with honey is a delightful and safe sweet food option. Greek yoghurt is known for its high protein content, making it a nutritious choice for satisfying your sweet cravings. To ensure the utmost safety and health benefits, opt for plain Greek yoghurt and drizzle a touch of natural honey with walnuts. This combination provides the creamy satisfaction of traditional yoghurt with the added benefits of protein and a touch of natural sweetness. 3. Dark Chocolate: A Decadent Delight Indulging in chocolate can be a true pleasure, and dark chocolate, with at least 70% cocoa content, offers a way to enjoy this delight while staying on the safe side. Dark chocolates are rich in antioxidants and have lower sugar content compared to their milk chocolate counterpart. Indulging in a small piece of high-quality dark chocolate can be a safe and delightful way to satisfy your sweet cravings. 4. Oatmeal with Cinnamon or Fruit: A Wholesome Start Sweet breakfasts are a favourite for many, but you can enjoy them safely by opting for a bowl of oatmeal. Add a sprinkle of cinnamon and some sliced bananas or berries for a satisfying and healthy dessert. Oatmeal is a heart-healthy whole grain that provides dietary fibre and essential nutrients. By naturally sweetening it with fruits and a hint of cinnamon, you’ll be rewarded with a delightful morning or anytime treat that’s both safe and nutritious. 5. Nut Butter on Whole-Grain Bread: A Perfect Pair Almond, peanut, or cashew butter spread on whole-grain bread offers a delightful combination of sweet and savoury. This option is packed with healthy fats, fibre, and protein while minimizing added sugars. Whole-grain bread provides complex carbohydrates that can help keep you feeling full and satisfied for longer. The combination of nut butter and whole-grain bread not only tastes good but is a safe and nutritious way to quench your sweet cravings. 6. Frozen Yogurt with Fresh Fruit: A Healthier Alternative If you’re a lover of ice cream but want a safer option, consider frozen yoghurt with a variety of fresh fruit toppings. Choose low-fat or non-fat frozen yoghurt options and load up on fresh fruit for added flavour and nutrition. This frozen treat offers the creamy texture and delightful sweetness of ice cream but with fewer calories and a healthier nutrient profile. 7. Rice Cakes with Nut Butter and Banana: Crunchy and Creamy Rice cakes topped with a layer of nut butter and banana slices make for a crunchy, creamy, and naturally sweet treat. Rice cakes are a low-calorie and gluten-free option that provides a satisfying crunch. Nut butter offers healthy fats and protein, while bananas contribute natural sweetness and a dose of potassium. This combination is an excellent choice for a snack or light dessert that’s safe and enjoyable. 8. Baked Apples with Cinnamon: Comforting and Nutritious Baked apples seasoned with cinnamon make a delectable dessert that’s both simple and safe. The natural sweetness of the apples intensifies as they bake, offering a comforting and healthy treat. Apples are rich in dietary fibre and antioxidants, making them a valuable addition to your diet. Cinnamon adds a warm and inviting flavour, enhancing the sweetness of the apples without the need for excessive sugar. 9. Chia Pudding: A Sweet and Nutrient-Packed Dessert Chia pudding is a versatile and nutritious sweet option. Chia seeds soaked in almond milk or yoghurt, sweetened with a touch of honey or maple syrup, and topped with fresh berries provide a safe, sweet, and satisfying dessert that’s also packed with fibre and nutrients. Chia seeds are a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and fibre. The addition of fresh berries not only enhances the taste but also offers essential vitamins and antioxidants. 10. Homemade Popsicles: Customizable and Safe Making your popsicles at home allows you to take control of the ingredients and tailor them to your preferences. Use fruits, yoghurt, or fruit juice as your base and customize the flavours to your taste. These homemade popsicles are free from artificial additives and excessive sugars, making them a safe choice for sweet satisfaction. You can experiment with a variety of flavours, from strawberry and mango to lemon and lime, ensuring that your sweet cravings are met without compromising your health. Conclusion Satisfying your sweet tooth is a delightful part of life, and it’s entirely possible to do so safely without sacrificing your health. The top 10 safe sweet foods discussed in this article offer a delicious alternative to sugar-laden, processed sweets. By choosing natural, nutritious, and

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Nutrition and Diet, People Forum

Journey To The Source: Exploring The Origins Of Ayurveda

Reading Time: 4 minutesJourney To The Source: Exploring The Origins Of Ayurveda Ayurveda is a Sanskrit word, where “Ayur” signifies Life, and “Veda” signifies Sciences. This medicine system has its roots in ancient India and originated about 3000 to 5000 years ago, prevailing to the present day. With a Rich history and traditional heritage, Ayurveda is often admired and esteemed for its holistic approach to health and well-being. Just imagine how they managed to find cures for all ailments without the help of modern Science! According to Hindu mythology, the origins of Ayurveda can be traced back to the Creator of the Universe- Lord Brahma, who passed on the knowledge to Dhanvantari, the physician of the Gods. Another legend suggests that Lord Brahma shared holistic healing knowledge with sages, who passed it down through generations, eventually reaching the common people through oral narratives and writings. Yet another legend claims that Lord Brahma transmitted this holistic wisdom to Lord Indra, who then passed it to Atreya, the author of the Rig Veda and the Atharva Veda. Agnivesa compiled this Vedic knowledge, and Charaka further refined it. This compilation is known as the Charaka Samhita, encompassing all aspects of Ayurvedic medicine. The founder of Ayurveda is Charaka also called Charaka Muni, an ancient scholar and physician who contributed notably to the Ayurveda field of medicine. His work, the Charaka Samhita, continues to be a vital reference for holistic medicine practitioners and has been translated into Tibetan, Greek, Chinese, Arabic, and Persian. Ancient Wisdom Scripted in the Vedas The Vedas, the earliest written scriptures in the Sanskrit language, contain profound knowledge. The Atharva Veda, in particular, imparts wisdom about the healthy lifestyle we ought to follow. Ayurveda, often referred to as the 5th Veda has its roots in these ancient texts. Within these historical scriptures, the teachings concerning the healing properties of various herbs and medicinal plants are conveyed through poetic verses known as “Shlokas.” Recognition of Ayurveda on Global Platform In fact, Nepal has embraced Ayurveda and issued a National Policy on Ayurveda and it is widely practised there. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized it as a traditional medicine system, acknowledging its significance alongside other conventional medical systems from different countries. This recognition highlights Ayurveda’s importance in the global healthcare landscape. Principles of Ayurveda The Core Elements: According to Ayurveda, the body has four basics : Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and Agni aka “Mool Siddhant” which form the  basic fundamentals of Ayurvedic treatment. 6 Pillars of Ayurveda: There are six pillars of Ayurveda i.e. right food, right exercise, right sleep, breathing & stress management, cleansing and self-awareness/self-reflectionIn essence, these principles are precisely what the doctor prescribes! Dietitians and physicians recommend this lifestyle to ensure our lives remain healthy and free from diseases. The regulatory principles of Ayurveda are “Vata” (wind), “Pitta” (bile) and “Kapha” (phlegm) aka “Tridoshas” which correspond to the three elements in the Universe : air, fire and water.   “Vata” – maintains the activities of the cells in our body, electrolyte balance, and eliminates waste products. “Pitta” – regulates body temperature, co-ordinates optic nerves, manages hunger and thirst “Kapha” – lubricates our joins for easy body movement Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of maintaining a perfect balance of these three doshas to prevent illness and promote overall well-being. However, it’s essential to note that Ayurvedic principles and practices are based on a holistic approach to health, and individualized recommendations may vary based on a person’s constitution (Prakriti) and current state of health (Vikriti). Ayurvedic medicines are renowned for their lack of side effects, as they are crafted from natural herbs, medicinal plants, and sometimes incorporate the essence of fruits, spices, animal extracts, and minerals. These remedies are complemented by adopting a wholesome diet, a balanced lifestyle, and regular exercise. Notably, Baba Ramdev, a Yoga guru, and his partner Acharya Balkrishna established Patanjali Ayurved in Haridwar, a company specializing in Ayurvedic medicines and food products. In an episode of The Kapil Sharma Show, Kapil Sharma shared that actor Akshay Kumar follows a practice of chewing each bite of his food around 40 to 42 times. This aligns with the golden rule of Ayurveda, where chewing each bite 32 times is recommended for better food absorption and easier digestion Kerala: The Ayurvedic Paradise Kerala, a state in Southern India, renowned for its geographical location and beauty and wide array of natural herbs/plants, is considered the Paradise of Ayurveda. It is said that a physician from Sindh province visited Kerala in search of natural herbs and trees, and since they were found in abundance, thence began the association of Kerala and Ayurveda. While Kerala is a prominent hub for Ayurveda, Ayurvedic practices and treatments are used in various states across India, and it’s also recognized as an alternative or complementary system of medicine in many parts of the country. There are many Ayurvedic centres/spas here, where people come to rejuvenate and enjoy Ayurvedic therapy. There are also the largest number of Ayurveda colleges and practitioners in Kerala, as compared to the rest of India or the world Conclusion: Our country has so much richness in terms of culture and medicine. We should acknowledge this and ensure that this heritage is preserved for the coming generations, so that they can also reap its benefits, like us.    To conclude with an Ayurvedic proverb “ When diet is wrong, medicine is of no use, when diet is correct, medicine is of no need”. Ms Rupal Sonpal

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Editorial, The Journey

The Ketogenic Diet: Fueling Your Body with Fats

Reading Time: 6 minutesThe Ketogenic Diet: Fueling Your Body with Fats In a world where low-fat and low-calorie diets have dominated the weight loss scene for years, the ketogenic diet has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to shedding pounds and enhancing mental clarity. This dietary regimen, often referred to as keto, is not just a passing trend but a scientifically backed strategy for transforming your body by shifting the primary source of energy from carbohydrates to fats. In this article, we’ll dive into the science behind the ketogenic diet, explore its benefits, and provide guidance on how to get started. Understanding the Ketogenic Diet The ketogenic diet is characterized by its high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate-protein intake. The primary goal of this diet is to induce a state of ketosis in the body. Ketosis is a metabolic state in which your body primarily relies on fat for fuel instead of glucose from carbohydrates. To achieve this state, you must significantly reduce your carbohydrate intake, typically to around 5-10% of your daily caloric intake, while increasing your fat consumption to approximately 70-75%. The Science Behind Ketosis When you consume fewer carbohydrates, your body’s glucose reserves become depleted. As a result, your liver starts converting stored fat into molecules called ketones, which serve as an alternative energy source. This transition from glucose to ketones is what defines the ketogenic state. Ketones are not only an efficient energy source but also cross the blood-brain barrier, providing your brain with a steady supply of fuel. Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet and Getting Started with Keto! Weight Loss: One of the most significant benefits of the ketogenic diet is its effectiveness in weight management. By reducing carb intake and increasing fat consumption, your body enters a state where it burns stored fat for energy. This can lead to significant weight loss over time. Improved Mental Clarity: Many individuals on the keto diet report improved mental focus and clarity. This is attributed to the stable energy supply ketones provide to the brain, reducing fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Better Blood Sugar Control: For people with type 2 diabetes or those at risk, the ketogenic diet can help regulate blood sugar levels by reducing carbohydrate intake and improving insulin sensitivity. Epilepsy Management: The ketogenic diet was initially developed as a treatment for epilepsy. It remains a valuable therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy, especially in children. Getting Started with Keto Consult a Healthcare Professional: Before starting any diet, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider, especially if you have underlying health conditions. Plan Your Meals: Create a meal plan that emphasizes healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil, along with moderate protein sources like lean meats and fatty fish. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water is crucial on the ketogenic diet to help balance electrolytes and minimize potential side effects like the “keto flu.” Monitor Ketosis: You can use ketone strips or a blood ketone meter to track your ketone levels and ensure you’re in ketosis. Be Patient: The initial transition to ketosis may come with side effects such as fatigue and cravings, but these usually subside within a few days to weeks. Celebrities Who Have Embraced the Ketogenic Diet The ketogenic diet has gained popularity not only among the general population but also among some well-known celebrities. Their experiences and endorsements have contributed to the widespread recognition of the diet. Here are a few notable celebrities who have tried or publicly discussed their experiences with the ketogenic diet: Halle Berry: Halle Berry, an Academy Award-winning actress, is known for her advocacy of the ketogenic diet. She has been quite vocal about her journey with type 2 diabetes and how the ketogenic diet has played a crucial role in managing her condition. Diagnosed with diabetes at a young age, Berry turned to the ketogenic diet to help her maintain stable blood sugar levels. She frequently shares her experiences and insights regarding how this dietary approach has positively impacted her health. Halle Berry’s story serves as an inspiring example of how the ketogenic diet can be used as a valuable tool for individuals dealing with diabetes and insulin resistance. LeBron James: LeBron James, a basketball legend in the NBA, is not just famous for his on-court prowess but also for his commitment to maintaining peak physical condition. During his offseason training, LeBron has reportedly adopted a ketogenic-inspired diet as part of his comprehensive fitness regimen. This dietary approach involves reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing healthy fat consumption to support his athletic performance. LeBron’s dedication to nutrition and his utilization of the ketogenic diet have been key factors in his ability to excel on the basketball court. Kim Kardashian: Reality TV star Kim Kardashian is widely recognized for her publicized weight loss journey and her association with the ketogenic diet. Following the birth of her children, Kim Kardashian credited the ketogenic diet for helping her shed post-pregnancy weight successfully. Her openness about her experiences and endorsement of the diet has led to increased public interest in the ketogenic lifestyle. Kim’s journey illustrates how the ketogenic diet can be used as a tool for weight management and post-pregnancy recovery, and her influence has contributed to the diet’s popularity. Hrithik Roshan: Bollywood actor Hrithik Roshan is celebrated not only for his acting skills but also for his remarkable physique and commitment to physical fitness. To maintain his lean and sculpted body, Roshan has reportedly incorporated the ketogenic diet into his dietary regimen. This dietary approach involves reducing carbohydrate intake while increasing the consumption of healthy fats. Hrithik emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition, including a low-carb, high-fat diet, in achieving and maintaining his fitness goals. His dedication to both his craft and his physical health serves as an inspiration to many. Rana Daggubati: South Indian actor Rana Daggubati gained widespread recognition for his role as Bhallaladeva in the highly acclaimed “Baahubali” film series. Daggubati has openly discussed his experience with the ketogenic diet, particularly in terms of weight management and energy enhancement.

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Nutrition and Diet, People Forum

Top 10 Environmental Hazards & Policies Protecting Ecosystems

Reading Time: 12 minutesTop 10 Environmental Hazards & Policies Protecting Health & Ecosystems Environmental hazards pose a significant and ever-growing threat to public health and ecosystems worldwide. Medical professionals play a pivotal role in understanding, addressing, and mitigating the health effects of these hazards. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the top 10 environmental hazards, their clinical implications, and the global policies and initiatives that are actively working to combat these threats, contributing to a healthier and more sustainable world. Air Pollution: Air pollution represents a pressing and pervasive environmental challenge that has far-reaching consequences for both the natural world and human health. This complex issue is primarily propelled by various anthropogenic activities, with the prominent culprits being industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, and the widespread combustion of fossil fuels. These sources release a plethora of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, including particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide, among others.   The clinical implications of air pollution are profound and multi-faceted. Prolonged exposure to polluted air has been linked to a wide array of health problems, with respiratory diseases being among the most prominent. Conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis are exacerbated by the inhalation of airborne pollutants. Moreover, air pollution is a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases, as it can lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the narrowing of blood vessels, ultimately increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.   Furthermore, individuals with pre-existing health conditions are particularly vulnerable, as air pollution can exacerbate their ailments. It also poses a serious threat to children, whose developing respiratory systems are more susceptible to damage. In summary, the insidious nature of air pollution makes it imperative for societies to take concerted action to mitigate its harmful effects, both for the sake of public health and the preservation of the environment.   Global Policy Response: The World Health Organization (WHO) has been at the forefront of addressing air pollution. The “BreatheLife” campaign, in partnership with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, seeks to reduce air pollution and its impact on public health through policy advocacy, awareness campaigns, and the promotion of clean energy solutions. Water Contamination Contaminated water sources present a grave and far-reaching threat to public health, giving rise to a myriad of ailments and long-term health concerns. The contamination of water supplies can occur through various means, including the presence of microbial pathogens, chemicals, and heavy metals. These contaminants can lead to a host of waterborne diseases, with cholera being a notorious example. Waterborne diseases are often characterized by severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhoea and vomiting, which can lead to dehydration and, in extreme cases, even death.   Moreover, contaminated water sources can cause a wide range of gastrointestinal infections, impacting individuals of all ages. These infections can result from exposure to pathogens like E. coli and Giardia, which thrive in unsanitary water conditions. The consequences can be particularly dire in communities lacking access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities.   Beyond immediate health risks, long-term exposure to water contaminants, including heavy metals like lead, arsenic, and mercury, can have profound and lasting effects on human health. These substances can accumulate in the body over time, leading to chronic health conditions such as neurological disorders, developmental delays in children, and various forms of cancer.   To safeguard public health, it is imperative that efforts be made to ensure access to clean and safe drinking water sources, along with robust water treatment and monitoring systems. Addressing water contamination is not only a matter of immediate well-being but also a crucial aspect of preventing long-term health problems for communities around the world.   Global Policy Response: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) aims to ensure access to clean water and sanitation for all by 2030. This global commitment underscores the importance of clean water sources and sanitation systems in safeguarding public health. Climate Change Climate change is a multifaceted and all-encompassing environmental challenge, wielding a profound influence on public health. This complex issue is characterized by a range of detrimental clinical impacts that extend across various domains. One of the most visible consequences of climate change is the surge in heat-related illnesses. As global temperatures rise, heatwaves become more frequent and severe, increasing the risk of conditions such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Vulnerable populations, including the elderly and individuals with pre-existing health conditions, are especially susceptible.   Another worrisome clinical implication of climate change is the proliferation of vector-borne diseases. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns create favourable conditions for disease-carrying vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. This has led to the expansion of diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Lyme disease into previously unaffected regions, posing significant health threats.   Additionally, climate-induced stress and anxiety have emerged as critical mental health issues. The far-reaching impacts of climate change, including extreme weather events, displacement due to rising sea levels, and food insecurity, can contribute to a sense of insecurity and despair. This can lead to various mental health concerns, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.   Addressing climate change is thus not only an environmental imperative but also a crucial element of safeguarding public health. Mitigation efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation strategies to protect vulnerable populations are essential steps toward minimizing the clinical consequences of climate change and ensuring a healthier and more resilient future for all.   Global Policy Response: The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is a landmark international treaty aimed at mitigating climate change. Its central goal is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Countries that are signatories to the agreement have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy. Chemical Exposure Exposure to industrial chemicals and pesticides presents a significant and wide-ranging threat to human health, leading to a variety of serious clinical issues. These hazardous substances, often encountered

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Editorial

Health benefits of India’s beloved Tea: A Steaming Cup of Wellness

Reading Time: 6 minutesThe Health Benefits of Tea: A Steaming Cup of Wellness “Ti (Tea) – a drink with jam and bread “, remember this line from the song “Do Re Mi” from the 1965 Hollywood movie “The Sound of Music”? Well, that’s what we are talking about today, our cuppa Tea in English, Cha in Gujarati and Bengali, Chaha in Marathi, Chai in Hindi, and so on. The Botanic name of tea is Camellia sinisis and it is native to the Indian Sub-Continent, South East Asia, and East Asia. “You can’t get a cup of tea big enough or a book long enough to suit me.” C.S. Lewis This quote by C.S. Lewis reflects the comfort and satisfaction that many people find in a cup of tea and a good book. It speaks to the idea that tea has a soothing and calming effect, making it a perfect companion for moments of relaxation and reflection. If we want to relax – we drink chai, if we are meeting friends- we drink chai, if we are stressed- we drink chai, if we visit relatives or vice versa- we brew a hot cup of tea and drink chai, be it any occasion, we Indians love our Chai and this shows the diversity of different varieties of Chai found pan India. Irani Chai: This tea is laced with Mawa or Khoya, to give it a distinct flavour. It is sweet, creamy and milky to drink. Kangra Chai: The Kangra region in Palampur, North India, has some of the finest teas in India, It is also called the Tea Capital of India. Sulamaini Chai: This is found in the Malabar region of Kerala State. It is a type of Aromatic spiced Black tea of Arabic origin Darjeeling Tea: Also referred to as “Champagne of teas”, the finest Black tea is grown at the World’s highest altitude in Darjeeling in West Bengal State. This has a sweet musky flavour.   Lebu Cha (Lemon Tea): The Bengali variant of tea is called Lebu Cha. It is black tea infused with a bit of lemon that gives it a unique taste. Ronga Saah, Assam: This reddish-brown variety is grown largely in Assam State. It has a very refreshing taste. Noon Chai, Kashmir:  This is very famous in Kashmir. It is an infusion of Gunpowder tea leaves, milk, salt and baking soda and has a distinct taste. Nilgiri Tea: this variety is grown in the subtropical region of the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu State. It has a strong scent and spicy aftertaste. Butter Tea: This variety is suitable for people residing in the Himalayan regions, as It helps them cope better with working and farming at such high altitudes. It is also called Po Cha and Cha Suma. Masala Chai: This is made with water, tea, milk and sugar and adding in some tea masala or cardamom/cinnamon/ginger/tulsi/pudina/fennel seeds (anything you prefer). Who can forget the “Kadha” – an infusion of ginger, bay leaves, cloves, cinnamon, honey and many such ingredients, that we swore by during the Lockdown period in India? Health Benefits of Tea Herbal teas have long been cherished for their soothing flavors and potential health benefits. Tea with its various permutations and combinations boasts many benefits, namely: Antioxidants: Tea, especially Green Tea is rich in antioxidants like Catechins, which help in fighting the harm caused by free radicals in our body. Improved heart health: Tea helps to reduce our blood pressure and cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of heart problems. Better Digestion: Herbal teas help to reduce digestive problems like indigestion, bloating and nausea. Weight Management: Some teas with the combination of caffeine and antioxidants boost the metabolism levels and induce more burning of fat, thereby reducing weight. keep Stress at Bay: Some infused teas like Bayleaf tea contain Linalool which helps to lower stress hormones and thereby reduce the chances of depression and anxiety in our body and the aroma makes us unwind. Blood purification: Green tea contains anti-ageing and anti-inflammatory substances that purify the blood and flush out toxins making our skin glowing and healthy. It also aids in weight reduction. Regulation of Blood sugar: Tea is good for managing our blood sugar levels and maintaining them. Alertness: Black tea contains L-theanine, an amino acid, that increases our alertness naturally and also energises us. Thereby enhancing our mental clarity and improving cognitive functions. Oral health: Black tea reduces the plaque and growth of bacteria thereby lessening the chances of cavities in the teeth owing to the presence of polyphenols (particularly catechins and theaflavins) in tea. Reduce Inflammation: Herbal teas have anti-inflammatory properties that help to treat ailments like Arthritis, headaches, haemorrhoids, and gastrointestinal pains. Boost Immune System: Tea helps to boost our immune system so that we are fitter and more able to ward off germs and diseases. Herbal Teas for Healthy Skin and Hair. [Image Source: Pixabay] Tea Garden, Assam, India. [Image Source: Pixabay] Beyond their delightful taste and calming properties, many herbal teas offer a treasure trove of advantages for your skin and hair. From preventing premature ageing to promoting hair growth, these teas have found their way into beauty routines worldwide.   Rose Tea: Rich in antioxidants, it can help reduce fine lines, and wrinkles, prevent premature ageing and improve skin complexion. Chamomile Tea: Known for its soothing properties, it can promote healthy hair growth. Black Tea contains antioxidants that can help combat signs of ageing and promote skin health. Ginger Tea: Its antimicrobial, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties can be beneficial for skin health. Green Tea: Loaded with antioxidants, it can detoxify the skin and protect against wrinkles. Peppermint Tea: May help prevent clogged pores and reduce acne. Matcha Tea: Rich in antioxidants, it can detoxify the skin and promote overall health. Lavender Tea: Known for its calming effects, it can benefit the skin by reducing stress-related issues. Hibiscus Tea: Contains antioxidants and can promote detoxification and hair growth. Dandelion Tea: Rich in antioxidants, it can help fight signs of

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